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1944 Discovered and arrested

Danger from the air

Gebeurtenissen in de omgeving van de Euterpestraat (tegenwoordig Gerrit van der Veenstraat).
Euterpestraat
Gebeurtenissen in de omgeving van de Euterpestraat (tegenwoordig Gerrit van der Veenstraat).
Euterpestraat [+] Enlarge map [-] Reduce map
  • A photograph taken during the attack on the Euterpestraat. © Beeldbank WO2 / NIOD
  • The Euterpestraat immediately after the air raid. © Beeldbank WO2 / NIOD
  • About an hour after the bombing. © Beeldbank WO2 / NIOD
  • The building housing the "Zentralstelle für Jüdische Auswanderung" is completely destroyed. The deportations were arranged here until September 1943. © Stadsarchief Amsterdam
  • Behind the ruins of the houses on the Adama van Scheltemaplein is the badly damaged buillding which housed the "Zentralstelle für Jüdische Auswandering" can be seen. © Beeldbank WO2 / NIOD
  • © Beeldbank WO2 / NIOD
  • © Beeldbank WO2 / NIOD
  • The Sicherheitsdienst building is badly hit in the middle. © Beeldbank WO2 / NIOD
  • © Beeldbank WO2 / NIOD

Air raid on the Sicherheitsdienst in the Euterpestraat

On the morning of 26 November 1944, a number of English rockets are aimed at the Euterpestraat where the headquarters of the Sicherheitsdienst is situated. The resistance wants to destroy as many records as possible.

The bombs find their target. But fires not only break out in the SD HQ, but also in neighbouring school buildings and houses. 56 people die in this attack, and 54 are injured of which 14 seriously. It takes almost 2 days to put out the fires.

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Danger from the air

There are also victims of bombing raids in the Netherlands. From the beginning of the war the British air force bombs strategic targets such as military establishments, oil reserves, ammunition supplies and factories. But not all bombs fall on their targets and schools, houses and shops are often hit causing fatalities. The Dutch spend night after night in their basements.

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1938 Many Jewish refugees after Kristallnacht

Many Jewish refugees flee to the Netherlands after Kristallnacht. Princess Juliana also feels connected to the Jewish community. But while more attention is drawn to the admittance of more Jews, NSB members threaten more intervention.

1938  Many Jewish refugees after Kristallnacht

1940 Amsterdam occupied

Nothing changes too much for the Frank family in the beginning. Opekta moves to the Prinsengracht. During air raids bombs cause death and injury in Amsterdam.

1940  Amsterdam occupied

1941 Jews allowed to do and less

It starts with a cinema ban but rapidly Jews are banned from virtually all public places. Jewish children must attend separate schools. This also applies to Anne and Margot Frank.

1941  Jews allowed to do and less

1942 It becomes more dangerous for Jews

On her thirteenth birthday Anne Frank receives a diary. A few days later she writes about the situation in Amsterdam. The introduction of the Jewish star and the raids. In July the Frank family goes into hiding.

1942  It becomes more dangerous for Jews

1943 Deportations and attacks

While the Frank family is in hiding thousands of Jews are deported from Amsterdam. The resistance tries to hinder the deportations by attacks including one on the Public Registry. It doesn’t stop them.

1943  Deportations and attacks

1944 Discovered and arrested

On 4 August the people in hiding in the secret annex are discovered and arrested. From Westerbork they are taken to Auschwitz. When the Allies land in the south of the Netherlands there is hope that the country will be liberated. German soldiers and NSB members flee the country after Dolle Dinsdag (‘Mad Tuesday’).

1944  Discovered and arrested

1945 Joy and sadness

A celebration at the Dam on 7 May is ruined when people are killed after German soldiers shoot at the crowd. On 8 May Amsterdam is officially liberated. Otto Frank returns. He knows that Edith is dead. He only hears later that his two daughters have not survived.

1945  Joy and sadness

1946 Slowly the threads are picked up again

On 3 May 1946 the first official commemoration for those who died during the war is held. Anne Frank’s diary is published on 25 June 1947. Life in Amsterdam slowly gets back to normal. Of the 70,000 Jews who lived in the city in 1940 only 10,000 have survived the war.

1946  Slowly the threads are picked up again

1950 Lasting memory

Even five years after the liberation the reverberations from the war are still clearly noticeable. The Jewish community thanks Amsterdam for the help given to Jews with a monument.

1950  Lasting memory
  • 1950

  • To those who protected the Dutch Jews during the years of the occupation. Protected by your love. Encouraged by your resistance. Mourning with you.

    Part of the citation on the monument ‘Jewish Gratitude’
  • picture:Once a year, two minutes silence

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