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1942 It becomes more dangerous for Jews

The deportations

Valkenweg 4-14
Vogelbuurt neighbourhood
Valkenweg 4-14
Vogelbuurt neighbourhood [+] Enlarge map [-] Reduce map
Hollandia Kattenburg aan Valkenweg Amsterdam- Noord© Beeldbank WO2 / Verzetsmuseum Amsterdam

Jewish employees from the Hollandia Factory on Kattenburg are deported

Of the 740 employees working at Hollandia-Kattenburg clothing factory, 367 are Jewish. In the first few years of the war these employees and their families are exempt from deportation because the factory makes uniforms for the Wehrmacht.

Commissioner General and member of the SS Hanns Rauter is not happy with this. On 11 November 1942 there is a raid on the factory by the Grüne Polizei. All the Jewish employees are arrested. Their families are picked up from their homes. They are all deported via Camp Westerbork on the so-called ‘Hollandia-Kattenburg transport’ to German concentration camps. Only 8 return after the war.

The clothing factory which specialises in rain coats was started by the Jewish family Kattenburg. This factory has been on the Valkenweg in Amsterdam-Noord since 1917.

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The deportations

When the gas chambers in Auschwitz are ready for use in 1942, Jews from all over Europe are sent to this concentration and extermination camp. The Nazis organize this under the guise of ‘emigration’ and ‘employment’ in Eastern Europe. In July they start to assemble Jews in Amsterdam. First they are taken by train to Westerbork in Drenthe then they are sent in crowded cattle and goods cars to concentration camps. More than 100,000 Jews from Amsterdam meet their deaths in this way.

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1938 Many Jewish refugees after Kristallnacht

Many Jewish refugees flee to the Netherlands after Kristallnacht. Princess Juliana also feels connected to the Jewish community. But while more attention is drawn to the admittance of more Jews, NSB members threaten more intervention.

1938  Many Jewish refugees after Kristallnacht

1940 Amsterdam occupied

Nothing changes too much for the Frank family in the beginning. Opekta moves to the Prinsengracht. During air raids bombs cause death and injury in Amsterdam.

1940  Amsterdam occupied

1941 Jews allowed to do and less

It starts with a cinema ban but rapidly Jews are banned from virtually all public places. Jewish children must attend separate schools. This also applies to Anne and Margot Frank.

1941  Jews allowed to do and less

1942 It becomes more dangerous for Jews

On her thirteenth birthday Anne Frank receives a diary. A few days later she writes about the situation in Amsterdam. The introduction of the Jewish star and the raids. In July the Frank family goes into hiding.

1942  It becomes more dangerous for Jews

1943 Deportations and attacks

While the Frank family is in hiding thousands of Jews are deported from Amsterdam. The resistance tries to hinder the deportations by attacks including one on the Public Registry. It doesn’t stop them.

1943  Deportations and attacks

1944 Discovered and arrested

On 4 August the people in hiding in the secret annex are discovered and arrested. From Westerbork they are taken to Auschwitz. When the Allies land in the south of the Netherlands there is hope that the country will be liberated. German soldiers and NSB members flee the country after Dolle Dinsdag (‘Mad Tuesday’).

1944  Discovered and arrested

1945 Joy and sadness

A celebration at the Dam on 7 May is ruined when people are killed after German soldiers shoot at the crowd. On 8 May Amsterdam is officially liberated. Otto Frank returns. He knows that Edith is dead. He only hears later that his two daughters have not survived.

1945  Joy and sadness

1946 Slowly the threads are picked up again

On 3 May 1946 the first official commemoration for those who died during the war is held. Anne Frank’s diary is published on 25 June 1947. Life in Amsterdam slowly gets back to normal. Of the 70,000 Jews who lived in the city in 1940 only 10,000 have survived the war.

1946  Slowly the threads are picked up again

1950 Lasting memory

Even five years after the liberation the reverberations from the war are still clearly noticeable. The Jewish community thanks Amsterdam for the help given to Jews with a monument.

1950  Lasting memory
  • 1950

  • To those who protected the Dutch Jews during the years of the occupation. Protected by your love. Encouraged by your resistance. Mourning with you.

    Part of the citation on the monument ‘Jewish Gratitude’
  • picture:Once a year, two minutes silence

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